World War 1 and 2 Timeline Summary – How it all Started
World War 1 – How it All Started
World war 1 was a mass conflict brought to the forefront by many different causes, ones that were brewing even before the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The Archduke was assassinated in Serbia on June 28th, 1914, and is considered what tipped many nations into a brutal war lasting 4 years and resulting in over 40 million casualties.
Of course, this assassination in Serbia was not the only reason; world war one was started as political imbalance in Europe was developing late in the 19th century and into the beginning of the 20th century. The boiling point can be attributed to some of the following events that led to the start of this great war we all know as world war 1.
Europe was a fast growing powerhouse at the beginning of the 20th century, dominated by the desire of countries like Britain and France to grow a bigger and more powerful military and to expand their colonies all over the world. This desire led to many strong egos across Europe and many disagreements about the way expansion should be handled, particularly by Germany and Russia who were intent on growing and becoming much like Britain and France. The theory of ‘survival of the fittest’ was now taking shape as countries grew at different rates and could begin strong-holding as they saw fit. This shaped the intense arms race that began during the first 10 years of the 20th century.
Additionally, before the start of world war 1, at the start of the 20th century, colonies were being created and were the source of raw material and where finished goods were created for the right to trade and sell. However, the relationships between each of the countries were ruined when trade restrictions were established and limited each of the colonies from growing.
In an attempt to stabilize the political inequality, a number of European countries began seeking out others to form alliances and treaties with in the event that world war 1 begun, mainly to join military forces. Without the collective defense they were certain to be overtaken by the largest armies. Thus, Germany formed an alliance with Austria while France joined forces with Russia. After the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, Austria and Serbia battled and other countries joined in. Britain, alone up to this point, teamed up with a former enemy in France. At this point in the summer of 1914, Germany declared war on both Russia and France, and at the point in which Germany invaded Belgium, Britain declared war on Germany. And with this, ww1 was started.
The first world war would continue for many more years until it ended on November 11th, 1918. Frustrations with the state of Europe and the attempt to become the strongest country led to the demise of over 40 million people in the 4 years the war lasted. While the outcome of world war 1 was in fact meant to be the end to all the conflict amongst the countries involved, it actually contributed to the outbreak of World War 2 that started over 20 years later.
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World War 1 Causes |
Black Adders Interpretation |
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Was Imperialism The Root Cause? |
Is There Blame On All Sides? |
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World War 1 Summary |
World War 1 Was Resulted In The Loss Of Over 17 Million Lives |
World War 2 – The Continuation Of World War 1
World War 2 Timeline Summary
Keeping a perspective of events is important when remembering the past, so a world war 2 timeline can be helpful in keeping events in their proper place since it was a time of great change and upheaval for many nations. The events of ww2 are numerous and many will argue about the actual starting date of the war itself but the 1924 Stalin takeover of the Soviet Union is as good a place to begin a timeline as any. In 1937, the USSR became the second largest industrial nation lagging behind the US alone. Then in 1921, Mussolini established the Fascist party, followed by the Japanese takeover of a Manchurian province in China in 1931. These were the events that began social and political upheaval all around the world.
The next events on the world war 2 timeline leading to wwii involve the Nazis, who were then, in 1932, the strongest political party in Europe. In 1935, Hitler violated the treaty of Versailles, choosing to ignore the dictum to disarm and pay heavy restitution to the countries considered the Allied forces in WWI. Instead, he built up an enormous army. The United States tried to stay out of it by passing Neutrality Acts from 1935 to 1939. Three total acts were passed. As of 1937 we continued to trade with China since they weren’t ‘technically’ at war just yet.
In 1938 on the world war 2 timeline, Germany marched straight through Austria under the Nazi regime without any opposition. In 1930 came the Munich agreement after Hitler threatened to invade Czechoslovakia unless he had British support for his takeover of Sudetenland. Germany, France, Britain and Italy met for these agreements. Winston Churchill pointed out to Germany that it did not help prevent war with Germany, but in fact alienated the Czech army, and was a dishonorable way for the British to behave.
When world war ii seemed it could be avoided by much of Britain, the night of broken glass occurred on November 9, 1938 on the world war 2 timeline. Over 250,000 Jews began to flee Germany and Hitler began his attack on Czechoslovakia in 1939. In the same year, Russia and Germany agreed not to fight with one another in their mutual desire to take over the world as dominant World Powers. Germany also invaded Poland in 1939. In that very same year, Britain and France declared war against Germany. In 1940, 32 German planes were shot down by British and French pilots. They lost a few dozen of their own in the process, but overall were considered successful in their air assault.
Considering that Hitler had ignored the Versailles treaty, it shouldn’t have been a surprise when he then overturned the Russia and Germany agreement made just years earlier, and invaded the Soviet Union in the month of June in 1941.These events are what eventually pulled the United States into the second world war. It was in 1941 that Congress passed the Lend Lease Act. African Americans were marching in Washington to protect their own civil rights while all the chaos was brewing abroad. In 1941 on the world war 2 timeline, Japan bombed Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, and America were drawn into World War 2 whether they wanted to be involved or not.
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Germany Hungry And Desperate Turns To Extremism And Then War |
The Result – World War 2 The Worst War Of All Time |
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The Horror Of War And Extremism – The Holocaust Of Jews – Gays – Gypsies – And The Disabled |
What Have We Learned? – Here’s Eddie Izzards Take On It What’s Yours? |
{ 57 comments… read them below or add one }
I think the causes of world war 1 and world war 2 are fascinating and all too often over looked, I love the way this site links them together too as they weren’t by any means unrelated events, if world war 1 didn’t happen then world war 2 wouldn’t have, it’s interesting how imperialism, empire and nationalism were the real root causes of world war 1 and world war 2.
I love the black adder video, I think he hits the nail on the head, Imperialism was to blame for the first world war all the way.
Imperialism was something which was very much the done thing for many European countries at the time, they didn’t really think anything of it, if anything they thought they were “civilising” the countries they were colonising, it’s only with today’s perspective that we look back and judge it as maybe not so moral and something that was only going to lead to trouble, it’s likes most elements of history as in the way things were viewed at the time and the way they are viewed now are often two different things.
I guess it highlights the subjective nature of perspective.
I think Eddie Izzards evaluation of the situation is excellent, after world war 2 the certainly were some lessons to be learnt.
World war 2 was perfectly justified, Hitler was a murdering monster and had to be stopped, but what people don’t often like to say is that world war 1 wasn’t, people were just fighting for imperialism. I don’t want to be disrespectful to the memory of those who died in world war 1 they were manipulated into thinking that what they were fighting for was a worthy cause as a result of social conditioning and propaganda, and if you define an action by its intention then they are heroes too as they thought they were doing the right thing, they thought they were laying down their lives for a worthy cause, but there’s no way you can look back and say it was justified to fight this war just to defend ones empire.
As already said it is indeed hard to judge the morality of a hundred years ago when world war one first broke out against the morality of today, these days fighting for empire may not be considered a worthy cause but back then it was considered brave and patriotic, you were a coward if you didn’t, in fact the pressure people were put under to fight was intense, they were even imprisoned if they didn’t, you can’t expect them to have had the morality about it that perhaps we would today.
War is always tragic; both ww1 and ww2 were absolutely horrific and some of the worst wars of all time. We owe it to our world to make sure such wars never happen again; we must learn the lessons they have to teach.
I am not sure if man will ever learn the lessons of war, the will always be a new generation who are just as keen to make their name in the world, expand their empire and just as ignorant of the past.
It does seem to be mans nature to fight over the same old things no matter what the era.
It’s like you guys say it was just different morality of the day, at the time defending your empire was the right thing to do, they were still heroes.
World war 1 was a war which involved conscription and men would go to jail if they did not fight so the soldiers didn’t have a choice, it was a war that was inflicted on them by their establishment so whether you agree with the war or not you should always honour the memory of those that died.
I agree that it is very important to keep the memory of all who served alive, especially as those with direct experience of this war dwindle in numbers. When I recall the number who died at the Somme I still feel shocked. How can we ever let this be forgotten?
You have to have sympathy for the soldiers of world war one, they had no choice but to fight it was the ruling class that sent them to their deaths to protect their interests.
I am just so glad we defeated the Nazis, I have been watching the Nazi hunters series and the stuff those guys did was just horrendous, it churns the stomach just to hear it.
I agree with Black Adders interpretation. “Bullets” always seem to be the flaw in any kind of peace treaty. No matter if it is world wide or an issue with our next door neighbors, too many people think bullets are the answer. I think we should all put the bullets in the garbage and grow up and talk out our issues and come to a compromise instead of resulting to killing eachother.
My grandfather and my great uncle both served in WW2. My great uncle died in the war and my grandfather was paralyzed in the right leg. I understand that it was all for the sake of freedom, but sometimes the sacrifice seems so much greater when it hits close to home.
This is all so fascinating to me. You learn about the world wars in school but all the information is pretty American-centric. This is a great resource and I appreciate the videos that can give a more in-depth look at what really happened.
Our parents and grandparents used to tell us horrible stories about WW2 and how the Japanese army men were so cruel and heartless. I hope there would be no other world wars in the future.
It seems funny now to think that there was an ‘arms race’ back in the early 1900s. If they knew then what we knew now!
I agree with Black Adders way of thinking. It doesn’t matter how many people want to get along with others, if someone gets upset and uses bullets to solve the problem war will always be the result of it.
As long as there are power hungry individuals and greedy governments, wars are inevitable. It’s sad, but true. Human nature is so flawed.
Shai, I completely agree with you. There are too many people out there thinking about how they personally can rule the world, instead of just concentrating on our country and what is best for our people.
Exactly. That is why those who cry for only diplomatic solutions are so woefully ineffective. I wonder if they’ve ever met a bully. There are real reasons people go to war. There are true conflicting values and true conflicting needs in this world, and that leads to war.
Diplomatic solutions don’t always work, but they should be tried first. That lesson was taught to us by the nuclear bomb. Once weapons went nuclear we had to stop, listen and try and find solutions that might not lead to the use of those bombs. Also, wars happen because one side demonizes the other and doesn’t think that the other side has any point. Through diplomacy we can find out how to work with the other side so that war isn’t necessary.
MarchinOn, I was raised hearing the stories as well. I remember asking if everyone is happy now and is the fighting all over? All my parents could say is “It is all over, for now.” I didn’t understand that then, and honestly I still don’t. I just don’t get what the big deal is. Why can’t we all just get along?
It’s really fascinating what people have gone through for the sake of man, country and freedom. But it’s sad that even until now, many part of the world are still having to go through this.
And as long as other parts of the world are going through it May, all of us will be involved so that we can prevent another world war from happening.
Wars happen for the sole purpose of personal gain. One side or the other is going to gain something at the end, whether it’s something righteous like freedom or something less worthy of deaths, like oil.
Wars like these definitely have some kind of purpose to them, and one can’t deny that even though there were a lot of lives that were negatively affected by the wars, good has also come from it.
World War I was my favorite time period when it comes to the poetry that came out of it. So much gut-wrenching poetry came to us from the trenches. If poetry is, as Wordsworth says, “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings and emotions,” then the writings of those soldiers is poetry beyond words.
What it all boils down to, though, is that Germany was a country bent on expanding and improving without care or compassion for any other country or people. That same attitude was still there years later and helped allow the atrocities committed by the Nazi regime.
My grandfather fought in WWII. He was a very brave and good man. My mother gave me newspaper clippings from the era about the war, some of which related directly to my grandfather. After receiving them I became very interested in WWI and WWII history.
The timeline and causes of WWI and WWII are so complicated! There’s so much to consider and it’s hard to pinpoint an exact cause. I agree that it seems history is always doomed to repeat itself.
As an American it’s hard to even fathom the loss and destruction inflicted during WWI. Yes we had casualties but less than 200 civilians lost compared to millions and millions in Europe and Africa can’t even begin to compare.
I understand what GrandpaJohn is saying. I’m Canadian and we were in there from the beginning but although are loses were enormous we didn’t lose the civilians like the Russians, French and other European countries did.
Most people don’t really know much about world war 1 or understand why it happened, even when you read up it’s still hard to understand why it happened, I am grateful to this site for revealing some of the real reasons.
The loss of life in world war 1 was unacceptable, learn your history of be dammed to repeat it.
The BlackAdder series of the First World War was a humorous way to bring this terrible war to the attention of a new generation. Especially poignant was the final episode where they go over the top to what will probably be certain death.
Sometimes you can learn an awful lot about the lessons of life through humour.
Indeed humour can be a great teacher as long as it is done with respect, I think the black adder team did a great tribute to the men that died with their final scene of the series, it was indeed very moving.
What a very interesting and informative article! Great job on that. We were taught in school that the assassination of the Archduke was what set off the war, but we were not taught all the other details that you’ve given here. It was so much more involved than what I had understood.
Yeah it’s amazing how much other detail they leave out in your history lessons, maybe they don’t like to get to political or something.
I think it’s a crying shame the way they teach history these days. It is almost like they don’t want the kids to really understand what happened and how it relates to today.
i find this fascinating as it depicts a very remarkable picture .
For me, if you take out the dates and names, World War 1 reads scarily like something that could happen again in our time (except it would be WW3, of course). I really see similarities. What’s to stop it from happening again if over a century later, some of the same issues either remain or are resurfacing?
The conscientious objectors during the first world war refused to kill to protect the British empire and they were the ones who were considered scum, my how things have changed, it really brings home the subjective nature of morality and how it changes throughout the ages.
no affence this is a gud website for homework but i find this very boring
I don’t know why people keep saying that WWI was not necessary! Yes I also agree that WWII was needed (Hitler was the most inhumane person I have ever learned about). I found this article to be very interesting. I have done a ton of research on WWI (tracking ancestors) and I did not even know the half of this.
I think it’s because that war was totally for profit and power. A Serbian assassinated Prince Franz Ferdinand of Austria. Because of that Austria insisted on attacking Serbia. Serbia was not responsible for the actions of one of its citizens and did everything possible to avoid war. It agreed to all of Austria’s demands, even though those demands were meant to be so unreasonable that Serbia would never accept them. Austria invaded anyway because it needed a “nice little war” to distract its citizens from the corrupt Habsburg regime. Kaiser Wilhelm was eager to back up Austria’s attack on Serbia because he was miffed that Germany came so late into the empire game that it didn’t get colonies as good as Great Britain and France got. He thought Germany was entitled to colonies and the only way to get them at this late date was to wrest them from GB and France. Tsar Nicholas of Russia felt compelled to defend Serbia because Russia took itself very seriously as “defender of the Slavs”. What does any of this have to do with the welfare of the average citizen? Are any of these good reasons for your friends or family to strap on a gun and go start shooting somebody else’s friends and family?
Jenipi, I hear you. The way things are going, I can’t 100 percent say there won’t be a World War 3. However, I shudder at the thought of it, even if it doesn’t happen in my lifetime. I don’t want my children to live through it, or my children’s children.
I wish more people studied history because history does indeed repeat itself. I agree with the comment by Jenipi. We are seeing the same elements in the world now that were present before World War I.
Thirst for power is never a good thing. It makes you turn against your values, your fellowmen, your country. It makes you do stupid things – things that present and future generations have to answer for, whether they deserve it or not. World Wars I and II never did anything good to anyone. Although our moralities have changed since then, but sadly, people in government haven’t – it’s the same craving for power.
Sadly, the “intense arms race” that started prior to World War II has simply escalated through the years. Even now that we know the horrors that nuclear war will bring, many countries are trying to develop these horrific weapons. There is enough nuclear weapons now to blow the earth to smithereens and wipe out the human race.
Does anyone think there might be such a thing as war fever? Like, a certain passion that comes when everything has been too quiet for too long and suddenly some distant ‘enemy’ does something to make you really mad? Like, what happened on 9/11? All the lessons learned about Vietnam were just thrown under the bus. At the beginnings of wars there is always excitement, “We are going over there and teach those guys a lesson!”
Well, further into the game we realize how hard those guys are to teach lessons, and by the end of the war we no longer care what lessons we were supposed to teach or learn — we realize war is hell and then we say, “never again.” Over and over again. Why?
I saw James Cameron “The Bismarck” documentary on TV a year or so ago. After the Bismarck was sunk about 100 German sailors were rescued. One of them was interviewed in this documentary. He said that at the time, he was 20 years old, and had been told all his life that the British were Germany’s enemies and that Germans had to fight the Brits or the Brits would destroy them. Now, he said, we’re all friends. Then he asked, “couldn’t we have been friends then?”
Very good question. The question we keep asking and are never able to answer.
What was Hitler’s problem with the Jews? Why were they so badly hated that the Germans and other people just stood by and let the Nazis do all those terrible things to them?
It’s a long and complicated story Susan. Many countries in Europe had a long history of anti-semitism and used to expel Jewish populations every now and then in actions called pogroms. So lots of people were open to hearing criticism of Jews, but the Nazis carried it to horrible degrees. Lots of people didn’t find out how horrible it was until after the war.